Refine your search
Collections
Journals
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z All
Mathur, S. M.
- Carbon Isotope Ratio of the Coaly Matter from the Basal Part of the Proterozoic Vindhyan Supergroup
Abstract Views :143 |
PDF Views:2
Authors
Affiliations
1 Physical Research Laboratory, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad 380 009, IN
2 Centre of Advanced Study in Geology, University of Saugar, Sagar 470 003, MP, IN
1 Physical Research Laboratory, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad 380 009, IN
2 Centre of Advanced Study in Geology, University of Saugar, Sagar 470 003, MP, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 27, No 1 (1986), Pagination: 119-120Abstract
The stable carbon isotope ratio (13C/12C) of the carbonaceou matter from the basal part of the Vindhyan sub-group, estimated to be about 1200 Ma old, has been measured and the values support a biogenic origin for the incorporated carbon.- Wind-Sculpturing of the Vindhyan Sandstone in the Bhopal Region, M.P.
Abstract Views :196 |
PDF Views:2
Authors
Affiliations
1 Centre of Advanced Study in Geology, University of Saugar, Sagar 470 003, M.P., IN
1 Centre of Advanced Study in Geology, University of Saugar, Sagar 470 003, M.P., IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 27, No 2 (1986), Pagination: 202-208Abstract
Wind-sculpturing of the Karauli Quartzite (Rewa Group, Vindhyan Supergroup) at several localities in the Bhopal region has produced rock monuments like monad-rocks, inselbergs, etc., with tunnels boring through some of them. These monuments are found as isolated rock masses of various shapes and sizes standing above land surfaces that have reached base level of erosion. The highly jointed, horizontally bedded and fractured quartz-arenite rests over massive but softer sandstone which is first eroded causing overhang of the former. Eventual collapse of the overhanging rock masses and their ultimate removal leaves 1he soft but massive horizon underneath unprotected. Repetition of the process over eons of time has produced these natural monuments; the most remarkable group is seen at a locality known as Bhim Baithka. Several of these natural sculptures have developed tunnels and passages that pass right through them in the softer sandstone towards t he base. where the action of the sand- and particle-laden wind is most destructive.- Vandalism in the Name of Religion
Abstract Views :195 |
PDF Views:125
Authors
Affiliations
1 Lucknow, IN
1 Lucknow, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 66, No 4 (2005), Pagination: 521-521Abstract
No Abstract.- Automation in Transplanting:A Smart Way of Vegetable Cultivation
Abstract Views :274 |
PDF Views:82
Authors
Affiliations
1 ICAR-Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal 462 038, IN
2 College of Technology and Engineering, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur 313 001, IN
3 ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati 413 115, IN
1 ICAR-Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal 462 038, IN
2 College of Technology and Engineering, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur 313 001, IN
3 ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati 413 115, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 115, No 10 (2018), Pagination: 1884-1892Abstract
Vegetable transplanting is a labourious and timeconsuming field operation when performed manually. The semi-automatic vegetable transplanters are cumbersome to operate due to limitations on manual feeding rates of seedlings which vary with respect to work duration and skill of the operator. Automation in the field of vegetable transplanters has provided opportunities for savings in labour and time required for transplanting operation in open field and controlled environmental structures, i.e. shade nets or polyhouse. The advent and recent advances in transplanting technologies suggest ample scope of working on automated seedling pickup and drop mechanisms using robotics. Use of seedling pickup mechanism in automatic transplanters can repeatedly extract single seedling automatically from the seedling pro-tray with the help of a pair of pins or forks and drop at predefined location. In general, these systems comprise either a machine vision system or end-effector mechanism for extracting the seedling; gripper and a manipulator; indexing drum-type seedling removal device with ejector; or a pick-up system, feeding system and a planting system. Such automated systems have helped ease the transplanting operation and efficient planting of seedlings by maintaining the accuracy, precision and effectiveness in planting seedlings with minimum human intervention. This study highlights the research gaps and developments in smart transplanting technologies used in the field of vegetable cultivation.Keywords
Agriculture, Automation, Smart Farming, Vegetable Transplanting.References
- Horticulture Statistics Division, Horticulture Statistics at a Glance-2017, Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Government of India, 2017.
- Vanitha, S. M., Chaurasia, S. N. S., Singh, P. M. and Naik, P. S., Vegetable Statistics 2013, Technical Bulletin No. 51, Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, 2017, p. 250.
- Tsuga, K., Development of fully automatic vegetable transplanter. Jpn. Agric. Res. Qly., 2000, 34(1), 21–28.
- Patil, A. S., Davane, S. S. and Malunjkar, S. V., Design, development and testing of hand held vegetable transplanter. Int. J. Adv. Res., 2015, 3(1), 247–253.
- CIAE News, Modernizing agriculture through engineering intervention. January–March 2017, 27(1); http://www.ciae.nic.in/Content/660_1_Newsletter.aspx
- Parish, R. L., Current developments in seeders and planters for vegetable crops. Hortic. Technol., 2005, 15(2), 1–6.
- Chaudhari, D., Singh, V. V. and Dubey, A. K., Refinement and Adoption of mechanical vegetable transplanter for Indian condition. Agric. Eng. Today, 2002, 26(5–6), 11–20.
- Singh, S., Research highlights of All India Coordinated Research Project on Farm Implements 329 and Machinery. Technical bulletin no. CIAE/2008/141, 2008, pp. 1–94; http://aicrp.icar.gov.in/fim/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/research-highlghts-2008.pdf
- Kazmeinkhah, K., Determination of energetic and ergonomic parameters of a semi-automatic sugar-beet steckling transplanter. J. Agric. Sci. Technol., 2007, 9, 191–198.
- Munilla, R. D. and Shaw, L. N., A high speed dibbling transplanter. Trans. ASAE, 1981, 30(4), 904–908.
- Brewer, H. L., Experimental static-cassette automatic seedling transplanter. American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 1990, 14, 90–1033.
- Imad, H., Design and field evaluation of a low cost crop transplanter with multiple seedlings feed. Agric. Mech. Asia, Africa Latin Am., 1995, 26(3), 29–32.
- Choon, Y. K., Mechanization in chili cultivation. In National Engineering Conference on Smart Farming for the Next Millennium, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia, 14–16 March 1999.
- Cráciun, V. and Balan, O., Technological design of a new transplanting machine for seedlings. J. Central Eur. Agric., 2005, 7(1), 164.
- Hayashi, S., Ota, T., Kubota, K., Kinoshita, E. and Yamamoto, K., A planting machine for chrysanthemum cuttings with a supply mechanism using rotating cups. Jpn. Agric. Res. Qly. 2006, 40(1), 71–78.
- Narang, M. K., Dhaliwal, I. S. and Manes, G. S., Development and evaluation of a two-row revolving magazine type vegetable transplanter. J. Agric. Eng., 2011, 48(3), 1–7.
- Margolin, A., Alper, Y. and Eshed, A., Development of a semiautomatic transplanter. Acta Hortic., 1987, 187, 158.
- Harrison, R., Harrison, D. and Zuhoski Jr, P. B., Computer operated automatic seedling plant transplanting machine. United States Patent application 4947579, 1990.
- Feng, D., Geng, W. and Zunyuan, D., Study on block seedling transplanter with belt feeding mechanism. Trans. Chinese Soc. Agric. Mach., 2000, 31(2), 42–45.
- Kumar, G. V. P. and Raheman, H., Development of a walk-behind type hand tractor powered vegetable transplanter for paper pot seedlings. Biosyst. Eng., 2011, 110, 189–197.
- Boa, W., The design and performance of an automatic transplanter for field vegetables. J. Agric. Eng. Res., 1984, 30(2), 123–130.
- Nambu, T. and Tanimura, M., Development of automatic transplanter using chain pot for vegetable crops. Acta Hortic., 1992, 2(319), 541–546.
- Yonetani, T., Matsumoto, I. and Okishio, Y., Development and improvement of a transplanter for leafy vegetables. Bull. Hyogo Prefectural Agric. Inst., 1999, 47, 44–47 (in Japanese).
- Suggs, C. W., Peel, H. B., Thomas, T. N., Eddington, D. L., Gore, J. W. and Seaboch, T. R., Self feeding transplanter for tobacco and vegetable crops. Appl. Eng. Agric., 1987, 3(2), 148–152.
- Ting, K. C., Giacomelli, A. and Ling, P. P., Workability and productivity of robotic plug transplanting work cell. In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol., 1992, 28, 5–10.
- Tai, Y. W., Ling, P. P. and Ting, K. C., Machine vision assisted robotic seedling transplanting. Trans. ASAE, 1994, 37(2), 661–667.
- Brewer, H. L., Conceptual modeling automated seedling transfer from growing trays to shipping modules. Trans. ASAE, 1994, 37(4), 1043–1051.
- Hwang, H. and Sistler, F. E., A robotic pepper transplanter. Appl. Eng. Agric., 1986, 2(1), 2–5.
- Ishak, W. I. W., Awal, M. A. and Elango, R., Development of an automated transplanter for the gantry system. Asian J. Sci. Res., 2008, 1(4), 451–457.
- Williames, G. A., Apparatus and method for transferring seedlings from plant trays. United States Patent Application 5644999, 8 July 1997.
- Shaw, L. N., Automatic transplanter for vegetables. Proc. Fla State Hortic. Soc., 1997, 110, 262–263.
- Kim, H. J., Park, S. H. and Kwak, T. Y., Development of an automatic transplanter for cabbage cultivation. Korea Automatic Dynamic Analysis of Mechanical Systems Conference, Seoul, Korea, 8–9 November 2001.
- Ryu, K. H., Kim, G. and Han, J. S., Development of a robotic transplanter for bedding plants. J. Agric. Eng. Res., 2001, 78(2), 141–146.
- Choi, W. C., Kim, D. C., Ryu, I. H. and Kim, K. U., Development of a seedling pick-up device for vegetable transplanters. Trans. ASAE, 2002, 45(1), 13–19.
- Park, S. H., Kim, J. Y., Choi, D. K., Kim, C. K., Kwak, T. Y. and Cho, S. C., Development of walking type Chinese cabbage transplanter. J. Korea Soc. Agric. Mach., 2005, 30(2), 80–81.
- Hua, L., Weibin, C., Shufeng, L., Wei, F. and Kaiqiang, L., Kinematic analysis and test on automatic pick-up mechanism for chili plug seedling. Trans. Chin. Soc. Agric. Eng., 2015, 31(23), 20–27.
- Raj, P., Ergonomic studies on the comparative performance of semi-automatic potato planter. B.Tech. Project Report, Punjab Agriculture University (PAU), Ludhiana, 1979.
- Singh, U., Studies on the ergonomic aspects of power operated semi-automatic potato planter. M Tech. thesis, 1994, PAU, Ludhiana.
- Dixit, A. K., Ergonomic studies on belt and cup type semiautomatic potato planter. M.Tech thesis, PAU, Ludhiana, 1996.
- Jadhav, S. A., Ergonomic studies on tractor mounted two-row semi-automatic vegetable transplanter. M Tech thesis, PAU, Ludhiana, 2006.
- Gaikwad, B. B., Design and development of plug seedling transplanter for vegetable crops. Ph D thesis, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 2010.
- Anon., The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act. 2016, Ministry of Rural Development, Department of Rural Development, Government of India; http://nrega.nic.in/ Netnrega/WriteReaddata/Circulars/1517Revised_wage_rate.pdf
- Usami, Y., The NSSO/Labour Bureau Series on wage rates in rural India, 1998–99 to 2012–13, Statistics on Indian Economy and Society, 2014; http://www.indianstatistics.org/wrri.html.
- Indian Standards, Guide for estimating cost of farm machinery operation. Bureau of Indian Standards, IS: 9164–1979.
- Chatterjee, S. S., Seshadri, V. and Swaroop, V., Improving the productivity in vegetable crops – challenge of the decade. In Sustaining Crop and Animal Productivity – The Challenge of the Decade (ed. Dev, D. L.), Associated Publishing Co, New Delhi, 1995, pp. 231–246.
- Clarke, L. J., Agricultural mechanization strategy formulation, Agricultural Engineering Branch, Agricultural Support Systems Division, FAO, Rome, Italy, 1997.
- Orzolek, M. D., Stand establishment in plasti-culture systems. In Hort. Technology, 1996, 6(3), 181–185.
- Chauhan, D. V. S., Nursery management and transplanting. In Vegetable Production in India, Ram Prasad and Sons, Agra, 2000, vol. 3, pp. 51–57.
- Nag, P. K., Sebastian, N. C. and Malvanker, M. G., Occupational workload of Indian Agricultural workers. Ergonomics, 1980, 23(2), 91–102.
- Vos, H. W., Physical workload in different body posture while working near to or below ground level. Ergonomics, 1973, 16, 817–828.
- Compound Feed Production for Livestock
Abstract Views :300 |
PDF Views:87
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Farm Engineering, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, IN
2 Department of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering, College of Technology and Engineering, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur 131 001, IN
1 Department of Farm Engineering, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, IN
2 Department of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering, College of Technology and Engineering, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur 131 001, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 118, No 4 (2020), Pagination: 553-559Abstract
Dairying is an important source of subsidiary income to small/marginal farmers and agricultural labourers. Cattle feeding practices are generally traditional and most of the feed comes from grazing. However, due to shortage of feed, there has been a gradual shift from traditional feed pattern to compound feed (CF). For livestock it is either in the form of mash, feed block or feed pellets. With added advantages, the feed block and feed pellets are more popular than the mash. In India, CF is produced at the industrial level. The CFmaking machines are classified as feed block-making machines and feed pellet-making machines; these are further classified as manually operated, electrical and IC engine-powered machines. The feed pelleting machines available in the market are expensive and thus unaffordable by livestock farmers. If small-scale animal producers have access to a domestically developed pellet mill technology that is low cost yet dependable, then it reduces the dependency on the high cost of commercial feeds available in the market and makes dairy farming more profitable by taking advantages of different feedstuff available at cheap prices, especially during harvest when high-quality ingredients available at low prices.Keywords
Compound Feed Production, Dairy Farming, Feed Blocks and Pellets, Livestock.References
- Anon., Establishment of cattle feed manufacturing and processing unit, agro and food processing, Project profile presented in Vibrant Gujarat 2017 by the Directorate of animal husbandry, Agriculture and Co-operation Department, Government of Gujarat, 2017.
- Ahuja, V., Asian livestock: challenges, opportunities and the response. In Proceedings of an International Policy Forum, Bangkok, Thailand, 16 and 17 August 2012, pp. 78–85.
- Manoj, P. K., Cattle feed industry in India: a macro perspective. Int. J. Business, Manage. Soc. Sci., 2015, 4, 96–101.
- Makkar, H. P. S., Feed and fodder challenges for Asia and the pacific. Asian livestock: challenges, opportunities and the response. In Proceedings of an International Policy Forum, Bangkok, Thailand, 16–17 August 2010, pp. 82–97.
- FAO, Successes and failures with animal nutrition practices and technologies in developing countries. In Proceedings of the FAO Electronic Conference, Rome, Italy, 10–15 September 2011, pp. 1–30.
- FAO, Balanced feeding for improving livestock productivity – increase in milk production and nutrient use efficiency and decrease in methane emission. In Proceedings of the FAO Animal Production and Health, Rome, Italy, 1–5 October 2012, pp. 31–38.
- Anon., The prospects and challenges ahead for Indian animal feed industry at 50 years of its existence; http://benisonmedia.com/theprospectsandchallengesaheadforindiananimalfeedindustryat50yearsofitsexistence/ (accessed on 31 August 2016).
- Okewole, O. T. and Igbeka, J. C., Effect of some operating parameters on the performance of a pelleting press. Agric. Eng. Int. CIGR J., 2016, 18, 326–338.
- John, M. P. and Manoj, P. K., Prospects of cattle feed industry in India and strategies for utilizing the market potential: a study in Kerala with a focus on factors influencing buyer behaviour. Int. J. Business Gen. Manage., 2014, 3, 1–12.
- Anon., The pelleting process. California Pellet Mill Co; http:// www.cpm.net/ (accessed on 7 September 2016).
- Ambalkar, P. P., Shakya, B. R., Bargale, P. C. and Tamhankar, M. B., Status of pelleting technology for integrated aquaculture and livestock feed. Agric. Eng. Today, 2015, 39, 41–46.
- Salem, H. B. and Nefzaoui, A., Feed blocks as alternative supplements for sheep and goats. Small Ruminant Res., 2003, 49, 275– 288.
- Indian Standard (IS 2052:2009). Compound feeds for cattle (FAD 5: Livestock Feeds, Equipment and Systems) – specification (4th revision). Amendment No. 1, November 2010, pp. 2–3.
- Khan, M., Pathak, A. K. and Singh, S., Formulation and preparation of densified complete feed blocks with and without condensed tannins: impact on performance of Haemonchus contortus infected goats. J. Anim. Res., 2017, 7, 431–439.
- Sharma, T., Feed processing as complete feed block for sustainable animal production in arid and semi-arid regions. In Short course on ‘feeding of livestock during drought and scarcity’, Division of Animal Sciences and Forage Production, Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur, ICAR, 2006, pp. 46–53.
- Kepner, R. A., Bainer, R. and Barger, E. L., Principle of Farm Machinery, CBS Publishers and Distributors Pvt Ltd, New Delhi, 2005, 3rd edn, p. 361.
- Nwaokocha, C. N. and Akinyemi, O. O., Development of a dual mode laboratory sized pelletizing machine. Leonardo J. Sci., 2008, 1, 22–29.
- Kaliyan, N. and Morey, R. V., Densification characteristics of corn stover and switchgrass. Trans. ASABE, 2009, 52, 907– 920.
- Romallosa, A. R. D. and Cabarles, J. C., Design and evaluation of a pellet mill for animal feed production. Multidiscip. Res. J., 2011, 6, 1–17.
- Zainuddin, M. F., Rosnaha, S., Mohd Noriznana, M. and Dahlan, I., Effect of moisture content on physical properties of animal feed pellets from pineapple plant waste. Agric. Agric. Sci. Proc., 2014, 2, 224–230.
- Odesola, I. F., Kazeem, R. A. and Ehumadu, N. C., Design and construction of a fish feed extruder. Int. J. Sci. Eng. Res., 2016, 7, 1378–1386.
- Gabriel, U. U., Akinrotimi, O. A., Bekibele, D. O., Onunkwo, D. N. and Anyanwu. P. E., Locally produced fish feed: potentials for aquaculture development in sub-Saharan Africa. Afr. J. Agric. Res., 2007, 2, 287–295.
- Anon., Alltech global feed survey – 2015; www.alltech.com (assessed on 22 September 2016).
- Bohra, H. C., Patel, A. K., Rohilla, P. P., Mathur, B. K., Patil, N. V. and Misra, A. K., Feed production technologies for sustainable livestock production in arid areas. Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur, 2012, pp. 1–38.
- Anon., Pellet Mill Manual; http://www.gemco-machine.com/ (accessed on 20 July 2016).
- Gao, W., Liu, Q., Zhao, R. and Gu, S., Optimize design on the key parts of ring die fuel pellet machine. Adv. Mater. Res., 2014, 860– 863, 2707–2711.
- Burmamu, B. R., Aliyu, B. and Tya, T. S. K., Development of a manually operated fish feed pelleting machine. Int. J. Res. Eng. Adv. Technol., 2015, 2, 23–32.
- Chikwado, U. K., Development and performance test of poultry feed mixing and pelleting machine. Int. J. Sci. Res., 2013, 4, 1161–1166.
- Kaankuka, T. K. and Osu, D. T., Development of a revolving die and roller fish feed pelletizer. Int. J. Eng. Innov. Res., 2013, 2, 105–110.